Gutunganya icyororo cy’inkoko yaba ari izigenewe gutanga umusaruro w’inyama cyangwa amagi bitwara nibura imyaka igera kuri itanu kugira ngo umworozi usanzwe abone imishwi ashyira mu kiraro ikamuha umusaruro.
Mu myaka mike ishize, imishwi y’icyororo cyizewe yaturukaga hanze y’igihugu cyane cyane mu bihugu by’Uburayi, nubwo n’ubu hari igitumizwa mu mahanga, hari n’itegurirwa mu gihugu.
Neal Roper ni Umuyobozi mukuru wa Chief Chicks icuruza imishwi, na East Africa Poultry Limited icuruza inyama z’inkoko, akaba n’umwe mu banyamigabane muri ibi bigo byombi bikorera i Mayange mu Karere ka Bugesera. Batangiye muri 2013.
Chief Chicks buri cyumweru igurisha imishwi y’umunsi umwe 17,000, ituragiro rifite ubushobozi bwo kuraririza no guturaga imishwi igera ku bihumbi 100, ndetse bari no guteganya amavugurura azatuma bagira ubushobozi bwo guturaga imishwi ibihumbi 250.
Iki kigo gifite abakozi 89, kigurisha imishwi y’icyororo yitwa Hy-Line, ni cyo cyonyine cyemerewe gutanga imishwi y’ubu bwoko mu bihugu birimo u Rwanda, u Burundi, Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
Neal Roper avuga ko inkoko ziba zaranyuze mu byiciro bitandukanye kugira ngo zigere aho imishwi igurishwa ku isoko, yaba ari iyo kuzatanga amagi (layer chicken) cyangwa inyama (broiler chicken), kuko imishwi y’inkoko zicuruzwa uyu munsi ziri ku rwego bita urw’ubucuruzi (commercial level).
Uru ngo ni uruhererekane ruba rwarateguwe guhera kuri za sekuruza (great grandparent stock), zikabyara za sekuru (grandparent stock), na zo zikabyara za se z’imishwi (parent stock), buri cyiciro ari cyo cyagenewe.
Iyo igeze kuri “commercial level” nibwo haba habonetse imishwi umworozi ashobora kujya kugura agakora umushinga we wo korora, akabona amagi arenga 300 buri mwaka kuri buri nkoko.
Ubu buba ari ubwoko bwizeweho umusaruro mwinshi kuko izimenyerewe z’inyarwanda cyangwa n’izikunze gutumizwa hanze zitwa Hendrix zitarenza amagi 100 mu mwaka.
Kwa Chief Chicks bo bafite inkoko zitanga imishwi (parent stock), ariko izo “parent stock” nazo ziracyaturuka hanze, ariko bafite gahunda yo kuzitegurira mu Rwanda, kugira ngo borohereze uruhererekane rw’icyororo kigezweho mu Rwanda.
Gusa Roper yavuze ko atari ngombwa gutangiriza amaraso y’inkoko mu Rwanda ahubwo icy’ingenzi ari ugukoresha neza ibihari.
Yagize ati: “Kugira ngo ukore icyororo uhereye kuri zeru bisaba gushora amafaranga menshi cyane, kandi ntabwo twiteguye kubikora, ku isi hari ibigo bitatu byonyine bikora ibyororo, icyo twakabaye dukora ni ukureba ahari inkomoko y’icyororo cyiza ku isi tukaba ari cyo dukoresha.”
Akomeza avuga ko uko ari ko ibiciro cy’inkoko n’ibiyikomokaho bizamanuka, bigateza imbere imirire, bikanarinda abandi kurya ibitujuje ubuziranenge.
Ati: “Burya iyo umuntu ahanze ikintu ntabwo ugenda nawe ngo ugihimbe, ntibiba bikiri ngombwa, ahubwo ukoresha igihari ukakibyaza umusaruro mu buryo bushoboka kugira ngo kigirire akamaro abantu bagikeneye.”
Inkoko za Hy-Line zitanga umusaruro w’amagi igihe kirekire kurusha izindi nkoko, ntirya na byinshi cyane kuko ku munsi iba irya amagarama 105 y’ibiryo.
Roper ati: “Kubera ibyo dukora, imishwi itumizwa hanze y’igihugu yavuye ku ijana ku ijana, izagenda imanuka igere kuri zeru ku ijana.”
Avuga ko ibi byose ni ukubera politiki ya Leta yo kugabanya ibyinjizwa biturutse mu mahanga ndetse no kongera ibikorerwa mu gihugu.
Yongeye ati: “Turimo turagenda tuganira n’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta itandukanye kugira ngo turebe uko twageza ubu bwoko bw’izi nkoko z’amagi mu byaro, ariko iyo bigeze ku nkoko z’inyama… zo zifite ubuzima bworoshye, ikura vuba cyane, ariko yanagupfiraho vuba cyane, nyuma y’ibyumweru bitandatu ugomba kuyitunganyamo inyama ukayigurisha abayirya.”
Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi itangaza ko muri 2020 mu Rwanda habarurwaga inkoko zisaga ibihumbi 800, ariko ko 68 ku ijana by’inkoko ziri mu gihugu ari ubwoko busanzwe bwa kinyarwanda naho 32 ku ijana ari zo z’inzungu.
Umushinga wo guteza imbere ubworozi
Mu mwaka wa 2020 Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi yatangije umushinga ugamije guteza imbere ubworozi bw’amatungo magufi (PRISM) kugira ngo uzamure imibereho y’abaturage ndetse hanongerwe umusaruro uturuka ku bworozi bw’inkoko n’ingurube.
Ni umushinga uzatwara miliyari 41.07 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, uterwa inkunga n’Ikigo cy’Ububiligi gishinzwe Iterambere Mpuzamahanga Enabel, ndetse n’Ikigega mpuzamahanga gishinzwe iterambere ry’ubuhinzi (IFAD).
Mu byo uyu mushinga uzakora harimo kugabanya umubare w’imishwi itumizwa hanze y’igihugu kugira ngo itegurirwe mu Rwanda, harimo kandi guhugura abaturage ku bworozi bw’ingurube n’inkoko bwa kijyambere.
