Nubwo Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho politike y’imitunganyirize y’imijyi kuva mu myaka 11 ishize, n’ubu hari ahakigaragara imyubakire y’akajagari, irimo abubaka ahatemewe, abubaka nta byangombwa, n’abirengagiza amabwiriza nkana. Ibyo byose bidindiza iterambere ry’imijyi n’iry’abaturage muri rusange.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2015 Leta yashyizeho politiki ya mbere y’imitunganyirize y’imijyi, [bigasobanurwa ko mbere y’icyo gihe abubakaga bubakaga uko babyumva], ubu hariho iyi politiki nshya yavuguruwe mu mwaka wa 2025, gusa muri iyi myaka igera kuri 11 ishize hirya no hino mu gihugu ntihasiba kugaragara imyubakire mishya irimo n’iy’akajagari; ibyo inzobere mu bijyanye n’imiturire zihuza no kuba imbaraga Leta ishyira mu bukangurambaga bw’uko abaturage bagira imyumvire myiza ku bijyanye no kunoza imyubakire n’imiturire zikiri nke cyane.
MUHAZIYACU yaganiriye n’umuryango umwe uherutse kubaka inzu mu mwaka wa 2024 mu gice cy’umujyi mu Karere ka Kirehe, wubatse nta ruhushya rwo kubaka maze asobanura ko yabitewe n’ubushobozi buke kandi yumvaga na we adakwiye gutura hanze y’umujyi.
Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 31 wadusabye ko amazina ye adatangazwa, yagize ati “Njye nagize ikibazo cy’ubushobozi buke, kuko ntabwo nari kujya mu byo gukoresha igishushyanyo cy’inzu n’ikiguzi cy’uruhushya rwo kubaka, nari mfite ikibanza gito muri iyi site kandi sinifuzaga gutura hanze y’umujyi. Ndabizi ko nakoze ibitemewe ariko Leta ikwiye gushyiraho uburyo n’abantu nkatwe b’amikoro make batura; ntabwo umujyi waba uw’abakire gusa.”
Uyu mugabo asobanura ko yumvaga ku mafaranga ibihumbi 500Frw yatangiriyeho yubaka, adakwiye kuyakuraho agera hafi mu bihumbi 250Frw y’ibijyanye no gusaba icyangombwa gusa, ngo yari kuba ashize kandi yari ku gitutu cyo kuvana umuryango we w’umugore n’abana babiri mu bukode.
Ku rundi ruhande, Habineza Innocent wubatse inzu yo guturamo mu mwaka ushize wa 2025, avuga ko yahisemo guca mu nzira yemewe maze asaba uruhushya rwo kubaka, aho yemeza ko byamusabye igihe kitarenga ukwezi ngo ahabwe icyemezo kizwi nka ‘Autorisation de bȃtir’ muri site y’imiturire ya Rutonde, imwe mu ziherutse kwemezwa n’Akarere ka Kirehe.
Habineza yemeza ko byamusabye amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi ijana (100,000 Frw) y’uruhushya rwo kubaka inzu ye, ndetse n’amafaranga ibihumbi 150Frw yaciwe n’umutekinisiye wigenga wamufashije mu bijyanye no gukora igishushyanyo cy’inzu no kumusabira uruhushya kugeza arubonye. Yakomeje agira ati “Nagiye kubaka narabyiteguye byose, uruhushya rwo kubaka nararusabye barumpa hashize ibyumweru bitatu, kandi nabonye kubaka mu buryo bwemewe bitanga umutekano wuzuye; ubu inzu tuyibamo.”
Kubaka bitemewe ni akajagari!
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe imiturire-RHA gisobanura ko inzu yose yubakwa, nyirayo agomba kuba afite uruhushya cyangwa icyangombwa cyo kuyubaka, kuko iba igomba kuba yubatswe mu buryo bwemewe, ahantu hemewe hakurikijwe amabwiriza yagenwe; ibitari ibyo bifatwa nk’akajagari kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye mu buryo butandukanye.
Muhire Janvier, impuguke mu mategeko n’amabwiriza agenga imyubakire, mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe imiturire-RHA, avuga ko akajagari mu myubakire kakemurwa n’uko abantu bahinduka mu myumvire. Agira ati “Akajagari icyagakemura cya mbere, ni ya myumvire igomba guhinduka, ikindi kwerekana ko iyo wubatse mu kajagari igihe icyo aricyo cyose ashobora kubihomberamo.”
Akomeza asobanura ko inzu zubakwa zidafite impushya zo kubakwa ba nyirazo bagomba kwicara bazi ko isaha ku isaha basabwa kuzikuriraho. Abisobanura muri aya magambo agira ati: “Inzu yose mu Rwanda igomba kubakwa ifite uruhushya. Iyubatswe idafite uruhushya, ni nk’aho itariho. Leta ishobora kuza ikavuga iti ‘impamvu utatse uruhushya ni uko wayubatse ahatemewe bityo turayikuraho, kandi uwubatse inzu ni we usabwa kubanza kuyikuriraho bitarenze iminsi irindwi, niwanga kubikuraho turaza kubikureho uryozwe n’ikiguzi Leta yakoresheje.”
Ikigo RHA kigaragaza ko cyahagurukiye ikintu cy’akajagari mu myubakire kandi bikeneye uruhare rwa buri wese, aho mu ngamba zigaragazwa ko zafashwe harimo, gutunganya inyandiko zose zigenga imiturire n’imyubakire, gushyiraho umurongo unoze ku buryo umuntu ushaka uruhushya rwo kubaka arubona mu gihe cyagenwe, no kongera imbaraga mu bugenzuzi buhoraho aho bigaragaye ko inzu yubatswe mu buryo butemewe igakurwaho cyangwa igahagarikwa ikabanza kuzuza ibisabwa.
Ingingo ya 28 y’iteka rya minisitiri N° 02/CAB.M/019 ryo ku wa 15/04/2019 rigena ibyiciro by’inyubako n’uburyo bukurikizwa mu gusaba no gutanga impushya zo kubaka, ivuga ko isesengura n’iyemezwa ry’ubusabe bw’uruhushya rwo kubaka bwuzuye n’itangwa ry’uruhushya rwo kubaka, ritagomba kurenza iminsi mirongo itatu (30); ibarwa uhereye igihe dosiye y’ubusabe yemerejwe ko yuzuye.
Abayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze bagaragaza ko bashyira imbaraga mu gusobanurira abaturage ko bakwiye gukurikiza amabwiriza ajyanye n’imyubakire no kubaka bakurikije ibiteganywa n’igishushanyo mbonera, kuko bituma ubutaka bukoreshwa icyo bwagenewe, ahagenewe gutura hakaba ariho haturwa, hakaboneka ubutaka buhagije bwo gukorerwaho ubuhinzi, ibikorwaremezo bikajya mu mwanya wabyo, ahagenewe ibyanya bitoshye; mbese buri kintu kikaba kiri mu mwanya wacyo kandi n’inzu zubakwa zikaba zubatswe mu buryo bwizeye.
Nzabonimpa Deogratias, Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rubavu wungirije ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu, ni umwe mu bayobozi mu nzego z’ibanze ugaragaza ko abaturage barenga ku mabwiriza bakubaka mu buryo butemewe, ahanini usanga ari abataragira imyumvire myiza ku bijyanye no kunoza imiturire.
Asobanura ko mu rugendo rwo kunoza imyubakire, cyane ko n’Akarere ka Rubavu kari mu turere twunganira Kigali, imbaraga zishyirwa mu guhindura imyumvire y’abaturage. Agira ati: “Ni imbogamizi natwe tubona ku bijyanye no kubaka hakurikijwe igishushushanyo mbonera usanga abantu batarabyumva kimwe, ariko ntibanagira ubushobozi kimwe, nk’Ubuyobozi tugomba kubaherekeza no mu guhindura imyumvire.”
Kubaka wihishe birabujijwe
Uwayezu Servile, impuguke mu bukungu bw’imijyi n’imiturire, akorera muri Minisiteri y’ibikorwaremezo, asanga bidakwiye ko abantu bubaka bitwikiye ijoro kubera kwihishahisha bubaka mu buryo butemewe; kuko ari byo biteza akajagari.
Yagize ati “Kuba hari akajagari mu myubakire kakiremwa uyu munsi, bivuze ngo hari kubakwa binyuranyije n’igishushanyombonera cy’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka.”
Icyakora asobanura ko hari igisubizo gishobora kuzashyira iherezo kuri iyi myubakire y’akajagari kiri muri Politike ivuguruye y’imitunganyirize y’imijyi yemejwe muri 2025, ati: “Mu gukumira iyo myubakire y’akajagari gashobora kubaho, harimo akantu bita ‘City Management Office’ aho cyane cyane Umujyi wa Kigali n’uturere tuwunganira, ari nk’ishami ryihariye rishinzwe imyubakire, ibyo byo kubaka akajagari nubikora bitandukanye n’igishushanyombonera isenywe. Nko mu Mujyi wa Kigali byaratangiye, ibi biri mu nshingano za Minisiteri y’ibikorwaremezo.”
Ikindi Uwayezu avuga ko kiri kunozwa kandi kibonwa nk’icyatangaga icyuho ku myubakire y’akajagari ni ikijyanye n’uko nubwo hemejwe ibishushanyo mbonera by’imikoresherereze y’ubutaka mu turere, kugeza ubu usanga nta byitwa ‘Detailed Physical plan’ bihari, kandi iyi iba igaragaza byimbitse ingingo ku ngingo ibyagenewe gukoreshwa ubutaka. Ni byo akomeza asobanura: “Hari site zidafite ‘Detailed Physical plans’, ariko tumaze iminsi turi gushaka umuntu uzazikora mu Gihugu hose, ku buryo hari site zimwe na zimwe zitemerewe kubakwa, kubera ko zitarakorerwa ‘Detailed Physical plan’. Izanakemura na ka kajagari, ku buryo niba ahantu hemerewe kubakwa, aba azi ngo ni he hari umuyoboro w’amazi, urusinga rw’amashanyarazi, ahari ipoto, urusinga rwa internete,…mu Gihugu hose, mu turere twose.”
Umuvuno Leta wo gutuza neza abantu aho basanzwe batuye
Minisiteri y’ibikorwaremezo igaragaza kandi ko mu cyerekezo cyo kunoza imiturire hari umurongo watangiye kugukurikizwa nko mu mujyi wa Kigali, wo gutuza abantu aho basanzwe batuye, witwa ‘Rehousing’, ku buryo abantu bari basanzwe batuye mu mujyi ariko bakisanga badafite ubushobozi bwo kubaka inyubako zisabwa; Leta yubaka inzu nyinshi zijyanye n’igihe hanyuma ikazibaha ari byo byakozwe mu gice cya Mpazi hagati ya Kimisagara na Cyahafi; ndetse n’uburyo bwo kubaka inzu ziri mu byiciro bitandukanye, abadafite ubushobozi bwo kubaka kandi bakeneye gutura mu mujyi bajya babamo bakodesha.
Nubwo hari umurongo Leta igaragaza ko yafatiye ibijyanye no kunoza imiturire, ibyifuzo bya bamwe mu baturage muri uru rugendo ni uko hashyirwa imbaraga nyinshi mu bukanguramabaga ku buryo abaturage babanza kubigiraho imyumvire myiza, kunoza uburyo abantu bafite ubushobozi buke batura cyangwa bagatuzwa mu bice by’imijyi, kujya hemezwa site z’imiturire habanje kwigwa neza no kunozwa ibijyanye nazo kuko usanga hari aho zemezwa ariko abaturage bafitemo ubutaka batarategujwe bikadindiza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryazo n’iry’iterambere muri rusange.
Kuva muri 2015 mu Rwanda hashyirwaho bwa mbere politike y’imitunganyirize y’imijyi, abantu batuye mu mijyi bavuye kuri 18% bagera kuri 27.9% muri 2022. Mu gihe icyerekezo cy’Igihugu ari uko mu mwaka wa 2035 abantu bazaba batuye mu mijyi bazaba ari 52.7; naho muri 2050 bakazaba bagera kuri 70%; nk’uko bitangazwa na Minisiteri y’Ibikorwaremezo.
