Impundu (Chimpanzee) ni inyamaswa z’ibisabantu ziba muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, zikaba ari inyamaswa zisa kandi zegereye umuntu.
Ubu bwoko bw’inyamaswa bukaba bugabanyijemo
amoko mato abiri ariyo: Impundu-rusange n’impundu-mpunyu zizwi ku izina rya Bonobo. Source: www.world life.org
Bonobo cyangwa Impundu-mpunyu ni ubwoko bw’ Impundu buboneka gusa mu mashyamba y’inzitane ya Republika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Zabashije kugaragazwa neza mu mwaka wa 1929, aho byagaragaye ko zitandukanye na babyara bazo arizo mpundu-rusange kuko zo zitagira amahane menshi, zikaba zikunda kwiyegereza abantu, kandi zikaba ari inyamahoro mu buzima bwazo.
Iyo urebesheje amaso ubona ko za Bonobo zisa neza neza n’Impundu-rusange, gusa bitandukanywa n’uko za Bonobo ari ngufi zifite igituza n’intugu bito, zikagira amaguru n’amaboko birebire. Ingabo zipima ibiro 40 (90 Ib), mu gihe ingore zipima ibiro 30 (66 Ib).
Impundu-rusange zikaba zibarizwa mu duce dutandukanye mu mashyamba y’inzitane ndetse n’ahandi hari ibiti bivanzemo n’ibyatsi bigufi nko mu bihugu bya Sierra Leone na Guinea, ukaza ukagera muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba n’iyo hagati.
Ingabo ishobora gupima ibiro bigera kuri 70 (154 Ib), gusa ingore iba ari nto ku ngabo. Zikoresha amaboko yazo iyo zurira ibiti, iyo zigenda zikoresha amaguru n’amaboko. Impundu nta murizo zigira. Ingano y’ubwonko bw’impundu bukaba ari hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubwonko bw’umuntu.
Impundu zikora imirimo yazo ku manywa, ni indyabyose, zirisha amoko anyuranye y’amababi y’ibiti n’ibyatsi bitandukanye harimo n’imbuto, zinarya inigwabiri zirimo imiswa, intozi, ubuki, inyoni n’amagi yazo ndetse n’inyamabere nto.
Buri joro, Impundu nkuru ishaka igiti iraramo, ikiyubakira icyari, iy’ingore ishobora kwimywa n’ingabo zitandukanye, ihaka amezi arenga arindwi, akenshi ikaba ibyara akana kamwe uretse ko hari nubwo ibyara impanga, ariko ibi bikabaho rimwe na rimwe.
Akana kavuka gashobora kugundira ubwoya bwa nyina ku buryo aho igiye hose ikagendana ku mugongo. Yonsa amezi ane, ndetse na nyuma yo gucuka icyana gikomeza kugendana na nyina kugera ku myaka 10, gusa Impundu zikomoka hamwe, zikomeza kuba hafi cyane ya za nyina mu buzima bwazo bwose. Source: www.Marylandzoo.org
Impundu ziramba imyaka igera kuri 40 mu cyanya kamere , zikaba zamara imyaka igera kuri 50 mu biraro.
Ingore zishobora kujya mu yindi miryango mishya, ariko ingabo zo ziguma mu miryango yazo kavukire, inkuru usanga zikina imwe ku yindi, ndetse ugasanga Impundu zigize umuryango ziba zishimashimana.
Akenshi Impundu irusha ngenzi zayo ibigango n’imbaraga ni yo iyobora umuryango, ikunze kuba ari ingabo.
Impundu ziba mu duce zishyiriraho, zikatugenzura umunsi ku munsi, ku buryo iyo hagize indi Mpundu iyobera muri aka gace kashyizweho ivuye mu wundi muryango igotwa, ubundi ikaba yakwicwa.
Muri rusange, Impundu ntizikunda kwendereza ngenzi zazo ziba ziri mu yindi miryango iri hafi yaho zahisemo kuba.
Uburyo zihanahana amakuru
Impundu zihana amakuru ahanini zikoresheje amajwi , isura, igihagararo, gukoranaho, ndetse n’ingendo. Zikaba zikunda kugaragaza ubwenge buhanitse bwo kwikemurira ibibazo.
Ubushakatsi bukaba bwaragaragaje ko Impundu zishobora kwigishwa hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso mu rurimi runaka cyangwa hakoreshejwe amafoto. Source:discovermagazine.com
Gusa impaka ziracyagibwa zivuga ko izi nyamaswa zitabasha kumva no kuvuga.
Ni kenshi Impundu zagiye zigaragara zikoresheje inkoni z’ibiti zicukura imigina zigakuramo imiswa, ubundi zigakoresha ibiti, zagura imyobo iba ku biti ahanini zishakamo ubuki cyangwa
imishwi y’inyoni.
Iyo zishaka kunywa amazi yaretse ahantu zitagera neza, zikanjakanja amababi n’ ibishishwa by’ ibiti, zikabikoza aho amazi ari nuko zikanyunyuza.
Uburyo zirwanaho iyo zitewe
Impundu zitera amabuye abanzi baje
bazisanga, ikindi zikaba zayakoresha iyo zihonda ikintu kizikomereye kugira ngo kimeneke, aha ni nk’igihe zihonda imbuto z’imikindo zishakamo utubuto tw’imbere turyoha cyane. Abashakashatsi bamwe bakaba baragaragaje ko hari Impundu zagaragaye zisongoza igiti amenyo, nyuma zikacyifashisha nk’icumu zica inyamaswa ntoya yari yihishe mu mwobo w’ igiti. Source: Irishtimes.com
Uyu munsi wa none Impundu zibangamiwe no gusenyerwa ubuturo bwazo kamere, ku mpamvu z’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’ubuhigi bwazo aho zijyanwa kugurishwa kugira ngo zororwe, ubundi zijyanwa gukorerwaho ubushakashatsi, hari nabazirya.
Abahanga bagaragaza ko rimwe ku ijana by’ibigize Impundu bishingiye ku miterere kamere ari ryo ritandukanya Impundu n’umwana w’umuntu, ibi bigasobanura ko ari inyamaswa yegereye cyane mwene muntu.
Mu Rwanda, Impundu zibarizwa muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe ikora mu Burengerazuba ndetse n’Amajyepfo by’Ugihugu.
Muri pariki ya Nyungwe, Impundu ni inyamaswa zikurikiranwa umunsi ku wundi, kandi zikunze gusurwa na ba mukerarugendo akenshi usanga banejejwe no kubana nazo bitewe n’ibikorwa byazo biba binogeye ijisho.
Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe ikaba ifite imiryango itatu izwi kandi ikurikiranwa umunsi ku wundi, ku buryo abakozi baba bagomba kumenya aho ziraye, ku buryo mu gitondo, abaje kuzisura bahagera bitagoranye kubera ko aho zaraye haba hazwi, nuko mugitondo kare abazikurikirana bakazigeraho zikiryamye, bikabafasha kumenya icyerekezo ziherereyemo.
Imiryango irimo izi nyamaswa ni uwitwa MAYEBE uherereye mu gice cyo hagati cya Pariki ya Nyungwe, akenshi bakunda kwita ko ari uwo ku Uwinka, uyu ukaba ari umuryango ubamo Impundu zikunze kugenda cyane kandi kubera aho zikorera bikaba bikunze kugorana rimwe na rimwe kuzibona, uyu muryango ukaba usurwa na ba mukerarugendo bagana iyi Pariki ya Nyungwe.
Undi muryango ni uwitwa GISOVU, uyu nawo ni umwe mu miryango y’ Impundu zibarizwa muri Pariki ya Nyungwe, ukaba uherereye mu majyaruguru y’iyi pariki, ukaba ukurikiranwa umunsi k’uwundi, gusa ukaba ufasha cyane abashakashatsi dore ko nawo ugizwe n’ Impundu zifite amashagaga ku buryo kuzibona zikemera kugumana nawe hari ubwo zitabikunda.
Igishimishije cyane kuri uyu muryango, ni uburyo zikunda kwigaragazamo nyuma zikagenda imwe imwe zigira muri gahunda zazo, zikigira kwishakishiriza ibizitunga.
Abakozi bazikurikirana buri munsi, bakamenya aho ziraye, mugitondo bakazizindukira nuko bakirirwana aho zigiye hose bakaba baziriho. Uyu muryango ntabwo ukunze gusurwa ugereranyije n’indi miryango yamenyerejwe kubana n’abantu.
Undi muryango ni uwitwa CYAMUDONGO. Uyu ni wo wamyenyekanye cyane kubera ko ugizwe n’ Impundu zamaze kwibera inshuti z’abantu ndetse harimo n’izamaze guhabwa amazina ku buryo kuzitandukanya byorohera abazikurikirana umunsi ku wundi ndetse bikanafasha abasura kurushaho gusobanukirwa n’ubu bwoko bw’ ibisabantu (Primates) byahogoje amahanga.
Kugera aha i Cyamudongo, uba usa n’uwageze mu rugo, kubera ko wakirwa n’amajwi meza y’izi nyamaswa, aho usanga zisa n’iziririmba kandi ugasanga zigenda zikiranya imwe ku yindi, aya majwi akanyura benshi basura iyi pariki ya Nyungwe.
Ikindi kintu gitangaza abasura Pariki ya Nyungwe ni uburyo izi Mpundu zikinira imbere y’abazisuye, gusa twibuke ko bidahora bimeze kimwe , bivuze ko ushobora kuzibona ku buryo butangaje cyane uyu munsi, bwacya ukaba wazibona mu bundi buryo butandukanye n’ubwabanje.
Uretse iyi miryango, muri pariki ya Nyungwe habarizwa izindi Mpundu nyinshi zigenda zizerera hirya no hino, ku buryo kuzimenyereza bisa n’ibidashoboka, dore ko no kuzibona biba biruhanyije kandi zikaba zitinya abantu bikomeye.
Iyi nkuru yanditswe na Ndagijimana Innocent, umwanditsi w’inkuru zivuga ku binyabuzima byo mu gasozi ndetse no ku kurengera ibidukikije. Amaze imyaka igera kuri 15 akora muri pariki z’igihugu, yakoreye muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Nyungwe, Pariki y’Igihugu y’ibirunga ubwo yimenyerezaga umwuga (internship), ubu akaba ari umukozi wa Pariki y’Akagera, aho amaze kuyikorera imyaka irenga icyenda.
Ndagijimana Innocent afite imyamyabushobozi y’amashuri yisumbuye mu bukerarugendo, impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu kubungabunga ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi , akagira n’impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu kubungabunga ibidukikije.
